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Nerve Tissue Connective Tissue Muscle tissue

Muscle tissue is responsible for the body movements. It consists of elongated cells called muscle fibers, characterized by presence of large numbers of cytoplasmic filaments.

is characterized by its contractility. is formed by elongated cells, also called muscle fibers. It originates from the mesoderm.

muscle fibers are limited outside a membrane called the sarcolemma. the cytoplasm called sarcoplasm is striated by the presence of myofibrils.

We can say that muscle tissue is a group or complex histological, because in addition to the type of muscle cells also have a tissue component conjunctive.

There are two types of myofibrils:

• Smooth, homogeneous structure.

• Ridged: heterogeneous for the presence of disks light and dark alternate regularly.

myofibril Depending on the make up muscle fiber can be:

• smooth muscle fiber.

• striated muscle fiber.

• Muscle fiber heart

muscle Classification:
According to their morphological and functional is classified as

• Striated or skeletal muscle:

• Formed by bundles of cylindrical cells very long and multinucleate presenting transverse striations.

• have fast twitch, vigorous and subject to Voluntary Control.

• Smooth muscle:

• Formed by clusters of spindle cells have no cross striations.

• Your contractions are slow and are not subject voluntary control.

• cardiac striated muscle:

• Formed by elongated and branched cells.

• These are attached longitudinally to neighboring forming a network.

• Your contractions are vigorous, involuntary and rhythmic.

striated muscle tissue or skeletal muscle:

Formed by striated muscle fibers, which are cells cilindroides , unbranched, longer than 1 to 4 cms of length. With many nuclei peripherals.

Organization Musculoskeletal:

• The bundles of muscle fibers are wrapped in a membrane called epimysium .

• From epimisio start dividing walls to beams in installments and this partition is called perimysium .

Each muscle fiber is enveloped by a layer of reticular fibers called endomysium .

penetrate the muscle capillaries through connective septa.



flattened nuclei and peripherals are under the sarcolemma (plasma membrane of the muscle cell).

• cytoplasm or sarcoplasm area around the nuclei and myofibrils.

All of this together in structures called Leydig cylinders or columns of Kölliker.



skeletal muscle tissue myofibrils and filaments have many heterogeneous.
Most of the organelles and sarcoplasm (cytoplasm) are close to the poles of the nuclei.

The sarcoplasm contains many mitochondria or sarcosomas , glycogen granules and a protein called oxygen-binding myoglobin .
The endoplasmic reticulum in these cells is called sarcoplasmic reticulum . It consists of a membrane system that extends throughout the muscle fiber and is attached at some sites to the sarcolemma. is related to the propagation of the wave of excitement that causes contraction of the fiber.

filaments in cells or muscle fibers may be:

-thin filaments.

• Actin .

• Tropomyosin .

• Troponin .

-Fiber Thick:

• Myosin .

These filaments form the Myofibrils that are cylindrical structures that are distributed longitudinally occupying almost the entire interior muscle fiber.

• Myofibrils are arranged parallel to the axis fiber that contains them.

• They consist of two substances that in the form of records regularly called alternative bands.

• Banda or disk A: dark filaments formed by myosin . This presented in its middle a zone clear close call Striae of or disk Hensen H.

• Banda or disk I: filaments composed of actin . It surpasses in part and interdigitates with strands of myosin without the band H. This presented in this medium

  a dark area called Disco Z.

All these structures together in structural and functional unit called muscle: Sarcomere .

Striated Muscle Tissue Cardiac

• formed by spindle cells, forming columns that irregularly anastomose or join. Unlike skeletal fibers have only one or two core areas. The direction of cardiac fibers is very irregular . The columns are covered by a thin sheath of connective tissue, equivalent to endomysium of skeletal muscle.

heart muscle fiber is very similar to skeletal but has more sarcoplasm, mitochondria and glycogen.

Myofibrils are not arranged in bundles, are distributed throughout the sarcoplasm .

At the junction between two fibers is a line dark cross called intercalated disks and represent specialized areas for the union.

cardiac muscle fiber has the same bands A, I, H and Z of the skeleton but not the filaments are A bundle but form a large mass.

The sarcoplasmic reticulum is less developed in these cells compared with that of skeletal muscle fibers.

smooth muscle:

This association consists of large cells and spindle layered above in walls of hollow organs (intestines, vessels).

• smooth muscle Other locations are:

• Connective tissue surrounding:

• Prostate.

• seminal vesicles.

• The subcutaneous tissue:

• Scrotum.

• Nipples.

• erector muscle of hair.

• Uterus.

smooth muscle fibers are coated and bonded together by a network of reticular fibers The smooth muscle cell is also coated externally by a layer glycoprotein amorphous ( glycocalyx).

has been shown that smooth muscle cells also contractile capacity, can also synthesize collagen type III fibers elastic and proteoglycans.



functions of muscle tissue.
Participate in all body movements

• Volunteers (skeletal muscle)
• Involuntary (smooth muscle, cardiac striated muscle).
  

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biological tissue is supportive, with function together other tissues and structures.

• It originates from the mesoderm.

• is the one that serves to unite, support and protect body parts .

Features:

Their cells are embedded and widely dispersed in an abundant intercellular material, called the extracellular matrix.

represents the extravascular, interstitial space agency .

Structure:

Cells:

own or fixed cells

Responsible for the formation and maintenance

tissue they belong to, because

by what are called

supporting cells

• own or fixed cells.
• free conjunctival cells

Matrix extracellular

• fundamental substance.

• conjunctive fibers.

own or fixed cells:

Responsible for the formation and maintenance of the tissue to which they belong, which is why they are called supporting cells.

They can be distinguished as

• mesenchymal cells . Fibroblasts
• and fibrocytes
• reticular cells
• fat cells.

mesenchymal cells : are precursor cells. They are located in the vessel walls.

Fibroblasts and fibrocytes:

are responsible for:

- production collagen fibers , reticular and elastic.

- production glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins of fundamental amorphous substance .-

These substances produce involved in wound healing and tissue restoration.

fibroblasts.

Reticulum cells:

produce reticular fibers.

fat cells:

is a specialized cell in the storage of neutral fats.

free conjunctival cells or wandering:

• mast cells

• macrophages.

• plasma cells.

• lymphocytes.

• granulocytes polymorphonuclear .

mast cells or mast cells :

precursors are derived from the bone marrow .

participate in the inflammatory response of the immune system .

mast cells or mast cells.

Macrophages:

are large cells in the form of stars.

remove foreign substances and are involved in immune response.

Macrophages

plasma cells:

Soon many in normal tissue.

participate in the processes of chronic inflammation .

Its function is to synthesize the antibodies found in blood.

plasma cells.

Other tissue cells blood derivatives:

• white blood cells.
• Lymphocyte.
• Eosinophils.

fibers.

• collagen.

• Waffle.
Elastic
• .

collagen fibers:

They are most abundant in connective tissue. are constituted by a scleroprotein called collagen.

fibers Waffle:

collagen fibers are very thin.

networks is presented as a way around fibers muscle, nerve fibers, fat cells and small blood vessels.

also in smaller divisions lung and particularly, within the limits between connective tissue and other tissue types.

Elastic Fibers:

are thinner than the fibers of elastic fibers easily give colágeno.Las the minimum traction and can be stretched.

The main component is the protein elastin.

Found in: arterial walls, bronchi, bronchioles, ligaments yellow ligaments vocalesy spine.

fundamental substance.

is clear, colorless and homogeneous.

occupies the spaces between cells and connective tissue fibers.

is formed mainly by: glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins .

- Connective Tissue Types and location:

- Connective tissue mucous. Is forming pulp cartilaginous intervertebral discs.

-areolar or loose connective tissue. Located as part of the dermis of the skin and in the stroma of the organs like the liver, spleen, etc.

- dense connective tissue. Located as part of some layers of the skin) dermis and epidermis).

- Connective tissue fat. It is found mainly in the subcutaneous tissue.

- reticular connective tissue. As part of the stroma of organs like the spleen.

- elastic connective tissue. Located in the walls of blood vessels as large arteries in ligaments and the vocal cords.

- Connective tissue bone and cartilage. Forms the skeleton and joints.

mucosal connective tissue:

Appears in the normal development and differentiation of connective tissues.

is the main component umbilical cord. An Appeal Wharton jelly .

is found in the nucleus pulposus of intervertebral discs and dental pulp.

forms an elastic cushion to protect against the pressure surrounding structures.

- loose connective tissue or areolar:

has abundant ground substance.

Rich in cells of various tipos.Fibras collagen and elastic thin and sparse. Fill the spaces between the fibers and make musculares.Se in the skin, mucous membranes and glands in .

loose connective tissue is delicate consistency, flexible and very resistant to traction.

dense connective tissue:

predominant collagen fibers . The cells are escasas.Se tissue is less flexible and much more resistant to traction.

Classified as:

• regular dense connective tissue.

• irregular dense connective tissue.

regular dense connective tissue:

Contains fibers and grouped close together and parallel to each other to form structures with high resistance to stress. is found in ligaments, joints and wrap a few wraps of the organs.

- Function:

- transmit mechanical strength to the muscles.

- Join the bones together.

- forms the protective covering (capsule) of organs.

irregular dense connective tissue:

is presented in the form of hojas.Las fibers interlock to form a mesh-resistant.

is located in the dermis and most organs wrappers.

Its functions:

- Resist the pressure from all directions .

- Protects fragile bodies.



reticular connective tissue:

- Consisting reticular fibers in close association with primitive reticular cells.

is mainly found in the bone marrow, spleen and lymph nodes.

Their function is

- Hold for cell phones.

- important in filtering the blood.

elastic connective tissue:

Formed by parallel thick elastic fibers. Presents yellow and has remarkable elasticity . Form

yellow ligament vertebral column ligament and suspensory penis.

p is found in Aredes of the great arteries, vocal chords trachea, bronchi.

connective tissue adipose

variety of loose connective tissue. Fat cells are numerous and very pressed together. has a small amount of elastic fibers, reticular and collagen .

- Function:
- Mechanics: fill gaps and reduce the effect pressures.

- Power reserve.

connective tissue functions:

- serves as a vehicle for the vessels, nerves and excretory ducts . Transportation.

- Has mechanical functions Hold and barrier .

- healing and repair of tissues

- defending the body against harmful infectious agents or other

- function storage . water reserve and electrolytes.

- spoke on the immune system. Immune Defense.

- Nutrition: transport serves nutritional substances that will lás cells.