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Special Histology of organs and apparatus

Histology of the Circulatory System

Cardiovascular:

• blood vascular system.

lymphatic vascular system.

blood vascular system.

It consists of:

• Heart.

Muscle blood drive.

• vascular channels or blood vessels:

• Arteries: Part of the heart.
• Veins: touch the heart.

capillaries.

• finest vessels: 6 μ to 30μ.

• form a large network.

• Al branch not decrease caliber.

• They are between the last ramifications arterial and early venous .

capillary wall.

It consists of:

• endothelial cells.

• basal membrane.

• cells periteliales .

• endothelial cells:

form a continuous layer that limits the

capillary lumen.

• Basement membrane:
support layer where endothelial cells.

• Cells periteliales o pericapilares :

Constituidas por:

• • Células mesenquimatosas .
• • Fibroblastos
• • Fibrocitos
• • Células de Rouget , células adventiciales pericytes. Which participate in the changes of the caliber of the capillaries.
• • The capillary is surrounded by connective tissue organ location.

Arteries.

are the vessels that carry blood from the

the heart to the capillaries. Decrease in diameter to branch.

• Structure: have 3 concentric tunics, which are:

• Tunic internal or intimate. Tunic
• media.
• external tunic or adventitia.

Intima or inner lining.

It consists of:

• Endothelium.
• connective layer.
• internal elastic lamina.

Tunic Media.

Composed:

• muscle fibers and elastic.

outer tunic or adventitia.

It n ature conjunctiva.

Arteries. Rating:

Depending on its complexity and diameter:

• arterioles or small arteries.

• arteries of medium caliber or muscle type.

• Arteries large caliber or type elastic.

arterioles or small arteries.

are located before the arterial capillaries.

• Structure:

• endothelium (intima).
• muscle fibers circular.
• thin connective.

Arteries medium size or muscle type.

predominate in the wall of muscle fibers.

• Structure:

• Intima or inner lining.

• • endothelium. Layer (squamous cell)
• • Subendothelial layer or striated.
• • Limiting internal elastic.

• tunica media.

Composed by n fibers umerous smooth muscle, forming concentric layers.

Presents fiber

• collagen.

• Of reticulin .

• Stretch.

• outer tunic or adventitia.

is broader, is formed by weaving C. lax which has abundant fiber elastic feeder vessels and nerve fibers . has the external elastic constraint.

Arteries large caliber or elastic type.

• Structure:

• Lingerie or inner lining.

• • endothelial layer.
• Endarteria .
• • fibers abound Elastic intermingled.
• • Fibroblasts scarce.
• • Limiting elastic internal .

• tunica media.

• • Juxtaposition of numerous membranes fenestrated elastic .
• • are separated by Filled spaces substantia

  and smooth muscle fibers.

• • has great size.

• adventitia.

• starts in elastic limiting external .
• Formed by connective tissue, rich in elastic fibers and Glasses and steak
  nervous.

Veins:

are vessels in which the flow converges capillary and touch the heart.

• follow the same path arteries but in reverse.

• Depending on the diameter or size is classified :

• small vessels or venules .
• veins of medium caliber.
• large caliber veins.
  

Structure: three layers.

• Intima or inner lining.
• tunica media.
• Outer layer or adventitia.

Valves:

• are thin films that seem to hang its walls on the inside. are dependent on the intima or inner lining. arranged in pairs opposite each other, located in the lower limbs mainly (veins of the legs and thighs). They consist
po r the endothelium, connective tissue fibers elásticas. Su función es impedir el retroceso de la sangre.

Venas de pequeño calibre o vénulas. Estructura:

• Capa endotelial continuación de la de los capilares.

• Tejido conectivo.

• Fibras musculares circulares.

veins of medium caliber. Structure:

• Lingerie or inner lining.

Formed by:

• Endothelium.
• basal membrane.
• Limiting internal elastic.

• tunica media.

• muscle connective in nature. With abundant elastic fibers.

• Tunic internal or adventitia.

nature of elastic muscle. may contain fibers longitudinal muscle.

large caliber veins. Structure:

• Lingerie or inner lining.

Formed by:

• Endothelium.
• basal membrane.
• Limiting internal elastic.

• tunica media.

• is narrow and may even fail. It consists of smooth muscle and elastic fibers.

• Tunic internal or adventitia.

• Highly developed. comprises abundant muscle fibers is l ongitudinales separated by connective tissue .

Irrigation and innervation of blood vessels :

In a rterias and veins greater than 200 μ in diameter there vasa vasorum : small feeder vessels that branch and give rise to capillaries that distributed in the tunica media and adventitia.

are innervated by nerve fibers dependent vasomotor autonomic nervous system.

Heart:

• hollow body contractile.

• Reservoir central engine of circulatory system.

• Histological structure:

• Endocardium. then direct intima of vasos.ç
• Myocardial : Counterpart to tunica media.
• Epicardium : Homologous to tunic adventitia.

Endocardium:

is the innermost layer of the heart. has a variable thickness by region.

• has three layers:

• endothelial layer or endothelium.
  • Formed po: r
    • flat cells.
    • basal membrane.
  
  

• subendothelial layer .
• Composed
  • Fibers collagen and elastic few in number.
  • Fibroblasts

• deep layer.
• • Thick. formed by connective tissue with abundant elastic elements.

Below this is a layer subendocardial .

• Joins endocardium to the myocardium.

• loose connective tissue containing vessels and nerves.

Infarction:

• Layer more development.

• have greater thickness in the left ventricle.

• Formed by cardiac muscle fibers following several directions.

Epicardium:

• Located outside the myocardium.

• Formed by:

• mesothelial cells .

• thin layer of connective tissue with elastic fibers.

• Joins myocardium by connective tissue.

Skeleton Cardiac comprises:

• • atrioventricular annulus .
• • membranous septum.
• • fibrous trigone.

Serves insertion fibers muscle and valves. Formed by connective tissue dense. Trine In fibrous tissue is chondroid (cartilage).

heart valves:

• extensions or folds of endocardium . has an e similar to STRUCTURE. They consist Connective tissue with abundant collagen fibers . are lined by the endocardium on both sides.

driving system atrioventricular :

The muscular network of the headset is connected to the ventricles by a special issue consists of atypical cardiac muscle fibers called Purkinje fibers .

Components:

• Sinoatrial Node Keith and flack.

• Node atrioventricular of Aschoff - Tawara.

• Make atrioventricular or bundle of His . With two branches.




Circulation Major:
- Start at the left ventricle.
- Sale of the aorta.
- is distributed throughout the body.
- Returns to the heart through the vena cava which are two: the top and bottom.
- Reach the right atrium. Circulation

less.:
- starts in the right ventricle.
- Sale by the pulmonary artery.
- comes to the lungs where blood is oxygenated.
- back through the pulmonary veins which are four.
- Get to the left atrium.

Lymphatic:

Set of lymphatic vessels that carry lymph from the intercellular spaces where it originates, to the venous vessels of the neck region.